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Alcatraz, also known as “The Rock,” was shut down due to the high operating costs of maintaining the prison and the deteriorating condition of the buildings. Additionally, the prison’s reputation for being inescapable was damaged when three inmates successfully escaped in 1962, which resulted in a massive manhunt and subsequent media attention. These factors, along with the changing philosophies of the criminal justice system, ultimately led to the closure of Alcatraz in 1963.